Tidal networks depend on the balance between sedimentary processes and hydrodynamics however, anthropogenic influences can impact the natural system more than any physical driver. The effectiveness of marine habitats is partially defined by these shapes, including the way they interact with and shape ocean currents, and the way sunlight diminishes when these landforms occupy increasing depths. These shapes are obvious along coastlines, but they occur also in significant ways underwater. Seabed topography (ocean topography or marine topography) refers to the shape of the land ( topography) when it interfaces with the ocean. Despite modern computer-based research, the ocean seabed in many locations is less measured than the topography of Mars. Various methods have advantages and disadvantages and the specific method used depends upon the scale of the area under study, financial means, desired measurement accuracy, and additional variables. Bathymetric measurements are conducted with various methods, from depth sounding, sonar and Lidar techniques, to buoys and satellite altimetry. Synonyms include seafloor mapping, seabed mapping, seafloor imaging and seabed imaging. Paleobathymetry is the study of past underwater depths. The global bathymetry is sometimes combined with topography data to yield a global relief model. Bathymetric maps (a more general term where navigational safety is not a concern) may also use a Digital Terrain Model and artificial illumination techniques to illustrate the depths being portrayed. Bathymetric charts (not to be confused with hydrographic charts), are typically produced to support safety of surface or sub-surface navigation, and usually show seafloor relief or terrain as contour lines (called depth contours or isobaths) and selected depths ( soundings), and typically also provide surface navigational information. The first recorded evidence of water depth measurements are from Ancient Egypt over 3000 years ago. In other words, bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography. Bathymetry of the ocean floor showing the continental shelves and oceanic plateaus (red), the mid-ocean ridges (yellow-green) and the abyssal plains (blue to purple) Methane venting offshore Virginia A seafloor map captured by NASAīathymetry ( / b ə ˈ θ ɪ m ə t r i/ from Ancient Greek βαθύς ( bathús) 'deep', and μέτρον ( métron) 'measure') is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors ( seabed topography), lake floors, or river floors.
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